Tiptapify

Kartice povezav ​

Kartica povezave prikaže povezavo tako kot sporočilniki: sliko strani, ime spletnega mesta, naslov in opis, prebrane iz oznak OpenGraph (og:*). Je samostojen blok (linkCard), ne slika s povezavo. Vse o karticah je v orodju za povezave: klik na kartico jo izbere in označi gumb Povezava v orodni vrstici, dvojni klik pa odpre pogovorno okno za povezave s kartico.

Kartica nastane iz povezave:

  • Lepljenje URL-ja v prazno vrstico ga ohrani kot povezavo in ob njem ponudi Povezava / Kartica.
  • Pogovorno okno za povezave ima stikalo Prikaži kot: Povezava / Kartica. Kartica prikaže polja kartice: podatki strani se naložijo med vnašanjem naslova (ali z Osveži podatke), sliko, naslov, opis, ime spletnega mesta in postavitev (kompaktna, velika, brez slike) pa lahko spremenite ročno. Isto stikalo obstoječo povezavo spremeni v kartico.
  • Izbrana kartica se odpre v pogovornem oknu za povezave (gumb Povezava ali dvojni klik) za urejanje, Prikaži kot: Povezava pa jo spremeni nazaj v povezavo.

Pogovorno okno za povezave urejevalnika z linkPreview, kakršno se odpre za prilepljen naslov. Polja so tu samo za branje: podatki strani prihajajo iz predstavitvene končne točke, ne iz naslova. Preklopite Prikaži kot in postavitev kartice, da vidite, kako se okno spremeni:

In kako kartica izgleda v urejevalniku v posamezni postavitvi.

Kompaktna, slika na levi:

Velika, slika na vrhu:

Brez slike, samo besedila:

Zakaj zaledna končna točka ​

Brskalnik ne more prebrati strani drugega spletnega mesta: CORS zahtevo blokira, razen če to mesto to dovoli, večina pa ne. Zato Tiptapify vpraša vašo končno točko, ki stran prenese na strežniku in odgovori z njenimi podatki OpenGraph.

vue
<Tiptapify
  :link-preview="{ endpoint: '/api/link-preview', headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } }"
/>

Brez linkPreview ali dokler njegova končna točka ne odgovori na rokovanje, kartic ne ponuja nič: lepljenje URL-ja naredi navadno povezavo, pogovorno okno za povezave pa nima stikala Prikaz. Kartice, ki so že v vsebini, ostanejo urejljive.

Pogodba končne točke ​

Ena končna točka odgovarja na dve zahtevi GET (poslani z Accept: application/json in vašimi headers).

Rokovanje ​

GET /api/link-preview — brez url. Urejevalnik jo pošlje enkrat na končno točko in nalaganje strani (vsi urejevalniki strani si jo delijo) ter še enkrat ob odprtju pogovornega okna za povezave, če je spodletela (končna točka je morda zdaj že na voljo). Ne sme prenesti nobene strani in mora odgovoriti:

http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{ "tiptapifyLinkPreview": 1 }

1 je različica te pogodbe. Navaden 200 ali 204 namenoma ni dovolj: nadomestna stran SPA ali stran za prijavo na katero koli pot odgovori z 200.

Predogled ​

GET /api/link-preview?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fblog%2Fgetting-started odgovori s podatki strani. Vsa polja razen url so neobvezna; prazna se prezrejo:

json
{
  "url": "https://example.com/blog/getting-started",
  "title": "Getting started",
  "description": "Install the package and create your first page.",
  "image": "https://example.com/images/getting-started.png",
  "siteName": "Example"
}

Napaka odgovori s statusom 4xx/5xx in { "error": "…" }; pogovorno okno prikaže sporočilo in ohrani povezavo, kakršna je. GET omogoča, da vaš strežnik ali CDN odgovore predpomni po url.

Z končno točko za nalaganje Tiptapify z njo shrani tudi sliko strani (stran jo lahko pozneje spremeni ali odstrani). Brskalnik lahko to sliko prebere samo, če njen gostitelj dovoli CORS; sicer kartica kaže na izvirno sliko. Vaša končna točka lahko vrne tudi image, ki jo je že sama shranila.

Shranjeni HTML ​

html
<a class="tiptapify-link-card" data-link-card="compact" href="https://example.com/blog/getting-started" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
  <img class="tiptapify-link-card__image" src="https://example.com/images/getting-started.png" alt="">
  <span class="tiptapify-link-card__body">
    <span class="tiptapify-link-card__site">Example</span>
    <span class="tiptapify-link-card__title">Getting started</span>
    <span class="tiptapify-link-card__description">Install the package and create your first page.</span>
  </span>
</a>

data-link-card je compact (slika na levi), large (slika zgoraj) ali text (brez slike). Celotna kartica je ena povezava, zato deluje na spletnem mestu brez skripte. Njen videz se HTML-ju privzeto pridruži kot vrstični slogi ali pa pride iz tiptapify/content.css, če so shranjeni samo razredi: glej Slogi vsebine.

Primeri končnih točk ​

Spodnji primeri se obnašajo enako, zato izberite tistega za svoj sklad:

  • GET brez url odgovori na rokovanje in ne prenese ničesar.
  • Berejo se samo javni naslovi http(s) (brez SSRF): vsak naslov gostitelja mora biti javen, ne zasebno omrežje, povratna zanka, lokalna povezava (metapodatki oblaka) ali rezerviran naslov, sicer je odgovor 422.
  • Preusmeritve se sledijo ročno, do 3, naslov vsake pa se znova preveri. Primeri za PHP, Laravel in Node.js se povežejo prav na naslov, ki so ga preverili, zato se odgovor DNS med preverjanjem in zahtevo ne more spremeniti.
  • Stran se bere s 5-sekundno časovno omejitvijo in samo prvi megabajt (glava zadošča; primer za Laravel zavrne strani nad 5 MB).
  • Podatki prihajajo iz oznak og:*, nato twitter:*, <meta name="description">, <title> in imena gostitelja; slika se naredi absolutna in se obdrži samo, če je http(s).
  • Stran, ki je ni mogoče prebrati (statusna napaka, časovna omejitev, preusmeritev na notranji naslov), odgovori z 502.
php
<?php

// link-preview.php: GET /link-preview.php answers the handshake, GET /link-preview.php?url=… the page data.
// PHP 8.2+ with the curl and dom extensions.

declare(strict_types=1);

const TIMEOUT = 5;
const MAX_REDIRECTS = 3;
const MAX_BYTES = 1_000_000;

function reply(int $status, array $body): never
{
    http_response_code($status);
    header('Content-Type: application/json');
    echo json_encode($body, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
    exit;
}

/**
 * The curl `RESOLVE` entry of a public http(s) URL, null for anything else. Never let the endpoint reach an
 * internal address (SSRF): every address of the host must be public, and curl connects to the one checked.
 */
function publicTarget(string $url): ?string
{
    $parts = parse_url($url);
    $scheme = strtolower($parts['scheme'] ?? '');
    $host = trim($parts['host'] ?? '', '[]');
    if (!in_array($scheme, ['http', 'https'], true) || $host === '') {
        return null;
    }

    $ips = filter_var($host, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)
        ? [$host]
        : [...(gethostbynamel($host) ?: []), ...array_column(@dns_get_record($host, DNS_AAAA) ?: [], 'ipv6')];
    foreach ($ips as $ip) {
        if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_GLOBAL_RANGE) === false) {
            return null;
        }
    }
    if ($ips === []) {
        return null;
    }

    $port = $parts['port'] ?? ($scheme === 'https' ? 443 : 80);
    $ip = str_contains($ips[0], ':') ? "[{$ips[0]}]" : $ips[0];

    return "{$host}:{$port}:{$ip}";
}

/** The HTML of a page (its first MAX_BYTES) and its address after redirects, each redirect checked again */
function fetchPage(string $url): ?array
{
    for ($redirects = 0; $redirects <= MAX_REDIRECTS; $redirects++) {
        $target = publicTarget($url);
        if ($target === null) {
            return null;
        }

        $html = '';
        $curl = curl_init($url);
        curl_setopt_array($curl, [
            CURLOPT_RESOLVE => [$target],
            CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => false,
            CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS => CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS,
            CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => TIMEOUT,
            CURLOPT_ENCODING => '',
            CURLOPT_USERAGENT => 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; LinkPreview/1.0)',
            CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => ['Accept: text/html'],
            // The head of a page is enough: stop reading after MAX_BYTES (a shorter return aborts the transfer)
            CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION => function ($curl, string $chunk) use (&$html): int {
                $html .= $chunk;

                return strlen($html) > MAX_BYTES ? 0 : strlen($chunk);
            },
        ]);
        curl_exec($curl);
        $status = curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE);
        $location = curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_REDIRECT_URL);

        if ($status >= 300 && $status < 400 && $location) {
            $url = $location;

            continue;
        }

        return $status === 200 ? [$html, $url] : null;
    }

    return null;
}

/** An address of the page made absolute; an empty string for anything but http(s) */
function absoluteUrl(string $href, string $base): string
{
    if ($href === '' || preg_match('~^https?://~i', $href)) {
        return $href;
    }

    $parts = parse_url($base);
    $origin = $parts['scheme'].'://'.$parts['host'].(isset($parts['port']) ? ':'.$parts['port'] : '');

    return match (true) {
        str_starts_with($href, '//') => $parts['scheme'].':'.$href,
        str_starts_with($href, '/') => $origin.$href,
        (bool) preg_match('~^[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:~i', $href) => '',
        default => $origin.preg_replace('~/[^/]*$~', '/', $parts['path'] ?? '/').$href,
    };
}

/** @return array<string, string> */
function openGraph(string $html, string $url): array
{
    $document = new DOMDocument();
    @$document->loadHTML('<?xml encoding="utf-8" ?>'.$html, LIBXML_NONET);

    $meta = [];
    foreach ($document->getElementsByTagName('meta') as $tag) {
        $key = strtolower($tag->getAttribute('property') ?: $tag->getAttribute('name'));
        $content = trim($tag->getAttribute('content'));
        if ($key !== '' && $content !== '') {
            $meta[$key] ??= $content;
        }
    }
    $title = trim((string) $document->getElementsByTagName('title')->item(0)?->textContent);

    return array_filter([
        'title' => $meta['og:title'] ?? $meta['twitter:title'] ?? $title,
        'description' => $meta['og:description'] ?? $meta['twitter:description'] ?? $meta['description'] ?? '',
        'image' => absoluteUrl($meta['og:image'] ?? $meta['twitter:image'] ?? '', $url),
        'siteName' => $meta['og:site_name'] ?? (string) parse_url($url, PHP_URL_HOST),
    ]);
}

$url = trim((string) ($_GET['url'] ?? ''));

// The handshake: no url, no page fetched
if ($url === '') {
    reply(200, ['tiptapifyLinkPreview' => 1]);
}

if (publicTarget($url) === null) {
    reply(422, ['error' => 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.']);
}

$page = fetchPage($url);
if ($page === null) {
    reply(502, ['error' => 'The page did not answer.']);
}

[$html, $pageUrl] = $page;
reply(200, ['url' => $url] + openGraph($html, $pageUrl));
php
<?php

// routes/api.php:
// Route::get('/link-preview', LinkPreviewController::class)->middleware(['auth:sanctum', 'throttle:60,1']);

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Uri;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\UriResolver;
use Illuminate\Http\Client\ConnectionException;
use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;

final class LinkPreviewController
{
    private const MAX_REDIRECTS = 3;

    private const MAX_BYTES = 5_000_000;

    public function __invoke(Request $request): JsonResponse
    {
        // The handshake: no url, no page fetched
        if (! $request->filled('url')) {
            return response()->json(['tiptapifyLinkPreview' => 1]);
        }

        $url = (string) $request->query('url');
        if ($this->publicTarget($url) === null) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.'], 422);
        }

        // The page data is cached, not the response; a failed page (null) is asked again next time
        $preview = Cache::remember('link-preview:'.sha1($url), now()->addDay(), fn (): ?array => $this->preview($url));

        return $preview === null
            ? response()->json(['error' => 'The page did not answer.'], 502)
            : response()->json(['url' => $url] + $preview);
    }

    /** @return array<string, string>|null */
    private function preview(string $url): ?array
    {
        for ($redirects = 0; $redirects <= self::MAX_REDIRECTS; $redirects++) {
            // Every redirect is checked again, and curl connects to the address checked
            $target = $this->publicTarget($url);
            if ($target === null) {
                return null;
            }

            try {
                $response = Http::timeout(5)
                    ->withUserAgent('Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; LinkPreview/1.0)')
                    ->accept('text/html')
                    ->withOptions([
                        'allow_redirects' => false,
                        'curl' => [CURLOPT_RESOLVE => [$target], CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE => self::MAX_BYTES],
                    ])
                    ->get($url);
            } catch (ConnectionException) {
                return null;
            }

            if ($response->redirect() && $response->header('Location') !== '') {
                $url = (string) UriResolver::resolve(new Uri($url), new Uri($response->header('Location')));

                continue;
            }

            return $response->successful() ? $this->openGraph($response->body(), $url) : null;
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * The curl `RESOLVE` entry of a public http(s) URL, null for anything else. Never let the endpoint reach
     * an internal address (SSRF): every address of the host must be public.
     */
    private function publicTarget(string $url): ?string
    {
        $parts = parse_url($url);
        $scheme = strtolower($parts['scheme'] ?? '');
        $host = trim($parts['host'] ?? '', '[]');
        if (! in_array($scheme, ['http', 'https'], true) || $host === '') {
            return null;
        }

        $ips = filter_var($host, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)
            ? [$host]
            : [...(gethostbynamel($host) ?: []), ...array_column(@dns_get_record($host, DNS_AAAA) ?: [], 'ipv6')];
        if ($ips === [] || in_array(false, array_map(fn (string $ip) => filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_GLOBAL_RANGE), $ips), true)) {
            return null;
        }

        $port = $parts['port'] ?? ($scheme === 'https' ? 443 : 80);
        $ip = str_contains($ips[0], ':') ? "[{$ips[0]}]" : $ips[0];

        return "{$host}:{$port}:{$ip}";
    }

    /** @return array<string, string> */
    private function openGraph(string $html, string $url): array
    {
        $document = new \DOMDocument();
        @$document->loadHTML('<?xml encoding="utf-8" ?>'.$html, LIBXML_NONET);

        $meta = [];
        foreach ($document->getElementsByTagName('meta') as $tag) {
            $key = strtolower($tag->getAttribute('property') ?: $tag->getAttribute('name'));
            $content = trim($tag->getAttribute('content'));
            if ($key !== '' && $content !== '') {
                $meta[$key] ??= $content;
            }
        }
        $title = trim((string) $document->getElementsByTagName('title')->item(0)?->textContent);
        $image = $meta['og:image'] ?? $meta['twitter:image'] ?? null;
        $image = $image === null ? '' : (string) UriResolver::resolve(new Uri($url), new Uri($image));

        return array_filter([
            'title' => $meta['og:title'] ?? $meta['twitter:title'] ?? $title,
            'description' => $meta['og:description'] ?? $meta['twitter:description'] ?? $meta['description'] ?? '',
            'image' => preg_match('~^https?://~i', $image) ? $image : '',
            'siteName' => $meta['og:site_name'] ?? (string) parse_url($url, PHP_URL_HOST),
        ]);
    }
}
js
// link-preview.mjs: `node link-preview.mjs`, then GET http://localhost:3001/link-preview[?url=…]. Node 18+, no packages.
import dns from 'node:dns'
import http from 'node:http'
import https from 'node:https'
import net from 'node:net'

const TIMEOUT = 5000
const MAX_REDIRECTS = 3
const MAX_BYTES = 1_000_000

// Never let the endpoint reach an internal address (SSRF): private, loopback, link-local and reserved ranges
// (an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address, ::ffff:127.0.0.1, is checked against the IPv4 ranges)
const blocked = new net.BlockList()
for (const [address, prefix] of [
  ['0.0.0.0', 8], ['10.0.0.0', 8], ['100.64.0.0', 10], ['127.0.0.0', 8], ['169.254.0.0', 16], ['172.16.0.0', 12],
  ['192.0.0.0', 24], ['192.168.0.0', 16], ['198.18.0.0', 15], ['224.0.0.0', 3],
]) {
  blocked.addSubnet(address, prefix, 'ipv4')
}
for (const [address, prefix] of [['::', 127], ['64:ff9b::', 96], ['fc00::', 7], ['fe80::', 10], ['ff00::', 8]]) {
  blocked.addSubnet(address, prefix, 'ipv6')
}

const isPublic = (address, family) => !blocked.check(address, family === 6 || family === 'ipv6' ? 'ipv6' : 'ipv4')

// The DNS lookup of every request: it refuses a host with an internal address, so the address checked is the one used
function publicLookup(hostname, options, callback) {
  dns.lookup(hostname, { ...options, all: true }, (error, addresses) => {
    if (error) {
      return callback(error)
    }
    if (!addresses.length || !addresses.every(({ address, family }) => isPublic(address, family))) {
      return callback(Object.assign(new Error(`${hostname} is not a public host`), { code: 'ENOTPUBLIC' }))
    }

    return options.all ? callback(null, addresses) : callback(null, addresses[0].address, addresses[0].family)
  })
}

// A public http(s) address, or null (a host given as an IP skips the lookup, so it is checked here)
function publicUrl(value, base) {
  try {
    const url = new URL(value, base)
    const host = url.hostname.replace(/^\[|\]$/g, '')
    if (!['http:', 'https:'].includes(url.protocol) || (net.isIP(host) && !isPublic(host, net.isIP(host)))) {
      return null
    }

    return url
  } catch {
    return null
  }
}

// One request: a redirect, or the first MAX_BYTES of the page
function request(url) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const client = url.protocol === 'https:' ? https : http
    const headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; LinkPreview/1.0)', Accept: 'text/html' }
    const req = client.get(url, { headers, lookup: publicLookup, timeout: TIMEOUT }, (res) => {
      if (res.statusCode >= 300 && res.statusCode < 400 && res.headers.location) {
        res.resume()

        return resolve({ location: res.headers.location })
      }
      if (res.statusCode !== 200) {
        res.resume()

        return reject(new Error(`The page answered ${res.statusCode}.`))
      }

      let html = ''
      res.setEncoding('utf8')
      res.on('data', (chunk) => {
        html += chunk
        // The head of a page is enough
        if (html.length > MAX_BYTES) {
          res.destroy()
        }
      })
      res.on('close', () => resolve({ html }))
    })
    req.on('timeout', () => req.destroy(new Error('The page did not answer in time.')))
    req.on('error', reject)
  })
}

// The HTML of a page and its address after redirects, each redirect checked again. A redirect to an internal
// address fails like a page that does not answer: the address asked for was public
async function fetchPage(url) {
  for (let redirects = 0; redirects <= MAX_REDIRECTS; redirects++) {
    const { location, html } = await request(url).catch((error) => {
      throw redirects && error.code === 'ENOTPUBLIC' ? new Error('The page redirects to an internal address.') : error
    })
    if (html !== undefined) {
      return { html, url }
    }

    url = publicUrl(location, url)
    if (!url) {
      throw new Error('The page redirects to an internal address.')
    }
  }

  throw new Error('Too many redirects.')
}

const ENTITIES = { amp: '&', lt: '<', gt: '>', quot: '"', apos: '\'', nbsp: ' ' }

const decode = text => text.replace(/&(?:#(\d+)|#x([\da-f]+)|(\w+));/gi, (entity, decimal, hex, name) => (
  decimal ? String.fromCodePoint(Number(decimal)) : hex ? String.fromCodePoint(parseInt(hex, 16)) : ENTITIES[name.toLowerCase()] ?? entity
))

function openGraph(html, url) {
  const meta = {}
  for (const [tag] of html.matchAll(/<meta\b[^>]*>/gi)) {
    const attrs = {}
    for (const [, name, double, single, bare] of tag.matchAll(/([\w:-]+)\s*=\s*(?:"([^"]*)"|'([^']*)'|([^\s"'>]+))/g)) {
      attrs[name.toLowerCase()] = double ?? single ?? bare
    }
    const key = (attrs.property || attrs.name || '').toLowerCase()
    const content = decode(attrs.content ?? '').trim()
    if (key && content && !(key in meta)) {
      meta[key] = content
    }
  }
  const title = decode(html.match(/<title[^>]*>([^<]*)<\/title>/i)?.[1] ?? '').trim()
  const image = meta['og:image'] || meta['twitter:image']

  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries({
    title: meta['og:title'] || meta['twitter:title'] || title,
    description: meta['og:description'] || meta['twitter:description'] || meta.description,
    image: image && publicUrl(image, url) ? new URL(image, url).href : undefined,
    siteName: meta['og:site_name'] || url.hostname,
  }).filter(([, value]) => value))
}

http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
  const send = (status, body) => {
    res.writeHead(status, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' })
    res.end(JSON.stringify(body))
  }
  const { pathname, searchParams } = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost')
  if (req.method !== 'GET' || pathname !== '/link-preview') {
    return send(404, { error: 'Not found.' })
  }

  // The handshake: no url, no page fetched
  const value = searchParams.get('url')
  if (!value) {
    return send(200, { tiptapifyLinkPreview: 1 })
  }

  const url = publicUrl(value)
  if (!url) {
    return send(422, { error: 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.' })
  }

  try {
    const page = await fetchPage(url)
    send(200, { url: value, ...openGraph(page.html, page.url) })
  } catch (error) {
    error.code === 'ENOTPUBLIC'
      ? send(422, { error: 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.' })
      : send(502, { error: 'The page did not answer.' })
  }
}).listen(3001)
python
# link_preview.py: `python3 link_preview.py`, then GET http://localhost:3002/link-preview[?url=…]. Python 3.9+, no packages.
import ipaddress
import json
import socket
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
from html.parser import HTMLParser
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, ThreadingHTTPServer
from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urljoin, urlsplit

TIMEOUT = 5
MAX_REDIRECTS = 3
MAX_BYTES = 1_000_000


def is_public_url(url):
    """Never let the endpoint reach an internal address (SSRF): every address of the host must be global."""
    parts = urlsplit(url)
    if parts.scheme not in ('http', 'https') or not parts.hostname:
        return False
    try:
        addresses = {info[4][0] for info in socket.getaddrinfo(parts.hostname, parts.port or None)}
    except (socket.gaierror, UnicodeError, ValueError):
        return False

    return bool(addresses) and all(ipaddress.ip_address(address.split('%')[0]).is_global for address in addresses)


class NoRedirects(urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler):
    """Redirects come back as a response, so the address each one points to is checked first."""

    def redirect_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return None


opener = urllib.request.build_opener(NoRedirects)


def fetch_page(url):
    """The HTML of a page (its first MAX_BYTES) and its address after redirects, each redirect checked again.
    A redirect to an internal address fails like a page that does not answer: the address asked for was public."""
    for redirects in range(MAX_REDIRECTS + 1):
        if not is_public_url(url):
            raise OSError('The page redirects to an internal address.') if redirects else PermissionError(url)

        request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; LinkPreview/1.0)',
            'Accept': 'text/html',
        })
        try:
            with opener.open(request, timeout=TIMEOUT) as response:
                charset = response.headers.get_content_charset() or 'utf-8'

                return response.read(MAX_BYTES).decode(charset, errors='replace'), url
        except urllib.error.HTTPError as error:
            location = error.headers.get('Location')
            if not (300 <= error.code < 400 and location):
                raise
            url = urljoin(url, location)

    raise OSError('Too many redirects.')


class OpenGraph(HTMLParser):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(convert_charrefs=True)
        self.meta = {}
        self.title = ''
        self.in_title = False

    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        attrs = dict(attrs)
        if tag == 'meta':
            key = (attrs.get('property') or attrs.get('name') or '').lower()
            content = (attrs.get('content') or '').strip()
            if key and content:
                self.meta.setdefault(key, content)
        self.in_title = tag == 'title'

    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        if tag == 'title':
            self.in_title = False

    def handle_data(self, data):
        if self.in_title:
            self.title += data


def open_graph(html, url):
    parser = OpenGraph()
    parser.feed(html)
    meta = parser.meta
    image = meta.get('og:image') or meta.get('twitter:image')
    image = urljoin(url, image) if image else ''

    preview = {
        'title': meta.get('og:title') or meta.get('twitter:title') or parser.title.strip(),
        'description': meta.get('og:description') or meta.get('twitter:description') or meta.get('description'),
        'image': image if urlsplit(image).scheme in ('http', 'https') else '',
        'siteName': meta.get('og:site_name') or urlsplit(url).hostname,
    }

    return {key: value for key, value in preview.items() if value}


class LinkPreview(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def send(self, status, body):
        payload = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False).encode()
        self.send_response(status)
        self.send_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
        self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(payload)

    def do_GET(self):
        parts = urlsplit(self.path)
        if parts.path != '/link-preview':
            return self.send(404, {'error': 'Not found.'})

        # The handshake: no url, no page fetched
        url = parse_qs(parts.query).get('url', [''])[0].strip()
        if not url:
            return self.send(200, {'tiptapifyLinkPreview': 1})

        try:
            html, page_url = fetch_page(url)
        except PermissionError:
            return self.send(422, {'error': 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.'})
        except (OSError, ValueError):
            return self.send(502, {'error': 'The page did not answer.'})

        self.send(200, {'url': url, **open_graph(html, page_url)})


ThreadingHTTPServer(('', 3002), LinkPreview).serve_forever()

PHP potrebuje 8.2+ z razširitvama curl in dom, Node.js 18+, Python 3.9+; nobeden ne potrebuje paketa poleg ogrodja.

V produkciji ​

  • Zaščitite končno točko. Prenese vsako stran, ki jo zahtevate: postavite jo za svojo overitev (urejevalnik z vsako zahtevo pošlje headers iz linkPreview) in omejitev števila zahtev, kot pri poti Laravel zgoraj.
  • Odgovore predpomnite po url, kot to dela primer za Laravel: urejevalnik vpraša znova vsakič, ko se kartica strani ustvari ali osveži.
  • Isti izvor ali CORS. Končna točka na izvoru urejevalnika ne potrebuje ničesar drugega; na drugem izvoru dovolite izvor urejevalnika in glave, ki jih pošiljate.
  • Primer v Pythonu preveri gostitelja in nato pusti urllib, da ga znova razreši, zato bi gostitelj, ki drugič odgovori z drugačnim DNS, lahko ušel. Za javno storitev se povežite na preverjeni naslov (to zmore transport httpx ali adapter requests) ali pošiljajte zahteve prek izhodnega posrednika, ki blokira notranje razpone.
  • Kodiranja. Primer v Pythonu dekodira stran po naboru znakov iz Content-Type; primera za PHP in Node.js jo prebereta kot UTF-8, kar pokrije večino spletnih mest. Dekodirajte tudi po naboru znakov, če prikazujete strani v starejših kodiranjih.

Izdano pod licenco MIT.

Copyright © 2025-present Igor Voytovich