Tiptapify

Kartice veza ​

Kartica veze prikazuje vezu onako kako to rade aplikacije za razmenu poruka: sliku stranice, naziv sajta, naslov i opis, pročitane iz njenih OpenGraph (og:*) tagova. To je zaseban blok (linkCard), a ne slika sa vezom. Sve u vezi sa karticama nalazi se u alatu za veze: klik na karticu je bira i ističe dugme Veza na traci sa alatima, a dvostruki klik otvara dijalog za vezu sa karticom.

Kartica se pravi od veze:

  • Lepljenje URL-a u prazan red ostavlja ga kao vezu i nudi Veza / Kartica pored njega.
  • Dijalog za vezu ima prekidač Prikaži kao: Veza / Kartica. Kartica prikazuje polja kartice: podaci stranice se učitavaju dok kucate adresu (ili preko Osveži podatke), a sliku, naslov, opis, naziv sajta i raspored (kompaktna, velika, bez slike) možete menjati ručno. Isti prekidač pretvara postojeću vezu u karticu.
  • Izabrana kartica otvara se u dijalogu za vezu (dugme Veza ili dvostruki klik) radi uređivanja, a Prikaži kao: Veza vraća je u vezu.

Dijalog za vezu uređivača sa linkPreview, kakav se otvara za nalepljenu adresu. Polja su ovde samo za čitanje: podaci stranice dolaze sa demo endpointa, a ne sa adrese. Promenite Prikaži kao i raspored kartice da vidite kako se dijalog menja:

I kako kartica izgleda u uređivaču, u svakom rasporedu.

Kompaktna, slika levo:

Velika, slika na vrhu:

Bez slike, samo tekstovi:

Zašto backend endpoint ​

Pregledač ne može da pročita stranicu drugog sajta: CORS blokira zahtev osim ako taj sajt to ne dozvoli, a većina sajtova ne dozvoljava. Zato tiptapify pita vaš endpoint, koji preuzima stranicu na serveru i odgovara njenim OpenGraph podacima.

vue
<Tiptapify
  :link-preview="{ endpoint: '/api/link-preview', headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } }"
/>

Bez linkPreview, ili dok njegov endpoint ne odgovara na handshake, ništa ne nudi karticu: lepljenje URL-a pravi običnu vezu, a dijalog za vezu nema prekidač Prikaz. Kartice koje su već u sadržaju ostaju izmenljive.

Ugovor endpointa ​

Jedan endpoint odgovara na dva GET zahteva (poslata sa Accept: application/json i vašim headers).

Handshake ​

GET /api/link-preview — bez url. Uređivač ga šalje jednom po endpointu i učitavanju stranice (svi uređivači na stranici ga dele), i još jednom kada se dijalog za vezu otvori ako nije uspeo (endpoint je do tada možda podignut). Ne sme da preuzima nijednu stranicu i mora da odgovori:

http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{ "tiptapifyLinkPreview": 1 }

1 je verzija ovog ugovora. Običan 200 ili 204 namerno nije dovoljan: SPA fallback ili stranica za prijavu odgovara sa 200 na bilo koju putanju.

Pregled ​

GET /api/link-preview?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fblog%2Fgetting-started odgovara podacima stranice. Sva polja osim url su opciona; prazna se ignorišu:

json
{
  "url": "https://example.com/blog/getting-started",
  "title": "Getting started",
  "description": "Install the package and create your first page.",
  "image": "https://example.com/images/getting-started.png",
  "siteName": "Example"
}

Greška odgovara statusom 4xx/5xx sa { "error": "…" }; dijalog prikazuje poruku i zadržava vezu kakva jeste. GET omogućava vašem serveru ili CDN-u da keširaju odgovore prema url.

Uz endpoint za otpremanje, tiptapify uz njega čuva i sliku stranice (stranica je kasnije može izmeniti ili ukloniti). Pregledač može pročitati tu sliku samo kada njen host dozvoljava CORS; u suprotnom kartica vezuje originalnu sliku. Vaš endpoint može vratiti i image koju je već sam sačuvao.

Sačuvani HTML ​

html
<a class="tiptapify-link-card" data-link-card="compact" href="https://example.com/blog/getting-started" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
  <img class="tiptapify-link-card__image" src="https://example.com/images/getting-started.png" alt="">
  <span class="tiptapify-link-card__body">
    <span class="tiptapify-link-card__site">Example</span>
    <span class="tiptapify-link-card__title">Getting started</span>
    <span class="tiptapify-link-card__description">Install the package and create your first page.</span>
  </span>
</a>

data-link-card je compact (slika levo), large (slika gore) ili text (bez slike). Cela kartica je jedna veza, pa radi na sajtu bez ikakve skripte. Njen izgled dolazi uz HTML podrazumevano kao ugrađeni stilovi, ili iz tiptapify/content.css ako se čuvaju samo klase: pogledajte Stilovi sadržaja.

Primeri endpointa ​

Primeri u nastavku se ponašaju isto, pa izaberite onaj za vaš stek:

  • GET bez url odgovara na handshake i ništa ne preuzima.
  • Čitaju se samo javne http(s) adrese (bez SSRF-a): svaka adresa hosta mora biti javna, a ne privatna mreža, loopback, link-local (cloud metapodaci) ili rezervisana, inače je odgovor 422.
  • Preusmeravanja se prate ručno, do 3, a adresa svakog se ponovo proverava. Primeri za PHP, Laravel i Node.js povezuju se na upravo onu adresu koju su proverili, pa se DNS odgovor ne može promeniti između provere i zahteva.
  • Stranica se čita sa timeout-om od 5 sekundi, samo njen prvi megabajt (dovoljan je head; Laravel primer odbija stranice veće od 5 MB).
  • Podaci dolaze iz og:* tagova, zatim twitter:*, <meta name="description">, <title> i imena hosta; slika se pretvara u apsolutnu i zadržava samo ako je http(s).
  • Stranica koja ne može da se pročita (status greške, timeout, preusmeravanje na internu adresu) odgovara sa 502.
php
<?php

// link-preview.php: GET /link-preview.php answers the handshake, GET /link-preview.php?url=… the page data.
// PHP 8.2+ with the curl and dom extensions.

declare(strict_types=1);

const TIMEOUT = 5;
const MAX_REDIRECTS = 3;
const MAX_BYTES = 1_000_000;

function reply(int $status, array $body): never
{
    http_response_code($status);
    header('Content-Type: application/json');
    echo json_encode($body, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
    exit;
}

/**
 * The curl `RESOLVE` entry of a public http(s) URL, null for anything else. Never let the endpoint reach an
 * internal address (SSRF): every address of the host must be public, and curl connects to the one checked.
 */
function publicTarget(string $url): ?string
{
    $parts = parse_url($url);
    $scheme = strtolower($parts['scheme'] ?? '');
    $host = trim($parts['host'] ?? '', '[]');
    if (!in_array($scheme, ['http', 'https'], true) || $host === '') {
        return null;
    }

    $ips = filter_var($host, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)
        ? [$host]
        : [...(gethostbynamel($host) ?: []), ...array_column(@dns_get_record($host, DNS_AAAA) ?: [], 'ipv6')];
    foreach ($ips as $ip) {
        if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_GLOBAL_RANGE) === false) {
            return null;
        }
    }
    if ($ips === []) {
        return null;
    }

    $port = $parts['port'] ?? ($scheme === 'https' ? 443 : 80);
    $ip = str_contains($ips[0], ':') ? "[{$ips[0]}]" : $ips[0];

    return "{$host}:{$port}:{$ip}";
}

/** The HTML of a page (its first MAX_BYTES) and its address after redirects, each redirect checked again */
function fetchPage(string $url): ?array
{
    for ($redirects = 0; $redirects <= MAX_REDIRECTS; $redirects++) {
        $target = publicTarget($url);
        if ($target === null) {
            return null;
        }

        $html = '';
        $curl = curl_init($url);
        curl_setopt_array($curl, [
            CURLOPT_RESOLVE => [$target],
            CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => false,
            CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS => CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS,
            CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => TIMEOUT,
            CURLOPT_ENCODING => '',
            CURLOPT_USERAGENT => 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; LinkPreview/1.0)',
            CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => ['Accept: text/html'],
            // The head of a page is enough: stop reading after MAX_BYTES (a shorter return aborts the transfer)
            CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION => function ($curl, string $chunk) use (&$html): int {
                $html .= $chunk;

                return strlen($html) > MAX_BYTES ? 0 : strlen($chunk);
            },
        ]);
        curl_exec($curl);
        $status = curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE);
        $location = curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_REDIRECT_URL);

        if ($status >= 300 && $status < 400 && $location) {
            $url = $location;

            continue;
        }

        return $status === 200 ? [$html, $url] : null;
    }

    return null;
}

/** An address of the page made absolute; an empty string for anything but http(s) */
function absoluteUrl(string $href, string $base): string
{
    if ($href === '' || preg_match('~^https?://~i', $href)) {
        return $href;
    }

    $parts = parse_url($base);
    $origin = $parts['scheme'].'://'.$parts['host'].(isset($parts['port']) ? ':'.$parts['port'] : '');

    return match (true) {
        str_starts_with($href, '//') => $parts['scheme'].':'.$href,
        str_starts_with($href, '/') => $origin.$href,
        (bool) preg_match('~^[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:~i', $href) => '',
        default => $origin.preg_replace('~/[^/]*$~', '/', $parts['path'] ?? '/').$href,
    };
}

/** @return array<string, string> */
function openGraph(string $html, string $url): array
{
    $document = new DOMDocument();
    @$document->loadHTML('<?xml encoding="utf-8" ?>'.$html, LIBXML_NONET);

    $meta = [];
    foreach ($document->getElementsByTagName('meta') as $tag) {
        $key = strtolower($tag->getAttribute('property') ?: $tag->getAttribute('name'));
        $content = trim($tag->getAttribute('content'));
        if ($key !== '' && $content !== '') {
            $meta[$key] ??= $content;
        }
    }
    $title = trim((string) $document->getElementsByTagName('title')->item(0)?->textContent);

    return array_filter([
        'title' => $meta['og:title'] ?? $meta['twitter:title'] ?? $title,
        'description' => $meta['og:description'] ?? $meta['twitter:description'] ?? $meta['description'] ?? '',
        'image' => absoluteUrl($meta['og:image'] ?? $meta['twitter:image'] ?? '', $url),
        'siteName' => $meta['og:site_name'] ?? (string) parse_url($url, PHP_URL_HOST),
    ]);
}

$url = trim((string) ($_GET['url'] ?? ''));

// The handshake: no url, no page fetched
if ($url === '') {
    reply(200, ['tiptapifyLinkPreview' => 1]);
}

if (publicTarget($url) === null) {
    reply(422, ['error' => 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.']);
}

$page = fetchPage($url);
if ($page === null) {
    reply(502, ['error' => 'The page did not answer.']);
}

[$html, $pageUrl] = $page;
reply(200, ['url' => $url] + openGraph($html, $pageUrl));
php
<?php

// routes/api.php:
// Route::get('/link-preview', LinkPreviewController::class)->middleware(['auth:sanctum', 'throttle:60,1']);

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Uri;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\UriResolver;
use Illuminate\Http\Client\ConnectionException;
use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;

final class LinkPreviewController
{
    private const MAX_REDIRECTS = 3;

    private const MAX_BYTES = 5_000_000;

    public function __invoke(Request $request): JsonResponse
    {
        // The handshake: no url, no page fetched
        if (! $request->filled('url')) {
            return response()->json(['tiptapifyLinkPreview' => 1]);
        }

        $url = (string) $request->query('url');
        if ($this->publicTarget($url) === null) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.'], 422);
        }

        // The page data is cached, not the response; a failed page (null) is asked again next time
        $preview = Cache::remember('link-preview:'.sha1($url), now()->addDay(), fn (): ?array => $this->preview($url));

        return $preview === null
            ? response()->json(['error' => 'The page did not answer.'], 502)
            : response()->json(['url' => $url] + $preview);
    }

    /** @return array<string, string>|null */
    private function preview(string $url): ?array
    {
        for ($redirects = 0; $redirects <= self::MAX_REDIRECTS; $redirects++) {
            // Every redirect is checked again, and curl connects to the address checked
            $target = $this->publicTarget($url);
            if ($target === null) {
                return null;
            }

            try {
                $response = Http::timeout(5)
                    ->withUserAgent('Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; LinkPreview/1.0)')
                    ->accept('text/html')
                    ->withOptions([
                        'allow_redirects' => false,
                        'curl' => [CURLOPT_RESOLVE => [$target], CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE => self::MAX_BYTES],
                    ])
                    ->get($url);
            } catch (ConnectionException) {
                return null;
            }

            if ($response->redirect() && $response->header('Location') !== '') {
                $url = (string) UriResolver::resolve(new Uri($url), new Uri($response->header('Location')));

                continue;
            }

            return $response->successful() ? $this->openGraph($response->body(), $url) : null;
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * The curl `RESOLVE` entry of a public http(s) URL, null for anything else. Never let the endpoint reach
     * an internal address (SSRF): every address of the host must be public.
     */
    private function publicTarget(string $url): ?string
    {
        $parts = parse_url($url);
        $scheme = strtolower($parts['scheme'] ?? '');
        $host = trim($parts['host'] ?? '', '[]');
        if (! in_array($scheme, ['http', 'https'], true) || $host === '') {
            return null;
        }

        $ips = filter_var($host, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)
            ? [$host]
            : [...(gethostbynamel($host) ?: []), ...array_column(@dns_get_record($host, DNS_AAAA) ?: [], 'ipv6')];
        if ($ips === [] || in_array(false, array_map(fn (string $ip) => filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_GLOBAL_RANGE), $ips), true)) {
            return null;
        }

        $port = $parts['port'] ?? ($scheme === 'https' ? 443 : 80);
        $ip = str_contains($ips[0], ':') ? "[{$ips[0]}]" : $ips[0];

        return "{$host}:{$port}:{$ip}";
    }

    /** @return array<string, string> */
    private function openGraph(string $html, string $url): array
    {
        $document = new \DOMDocument();
        @$document->loadHTML('<?xml encoding="utf-8" ?>'.$html, LIBXML_NONET);

        $meta = [];
        foreach ($document->getElementsByTagName('meta') as $tag) {
            $key = strtolower($tag->getAttribute('property') ?: $tag->getAttribute('name'));
            $content = trim($tag->getAttribute('content'));
            if ($key !== '' && $content !== '') {
                $meta[$key] ??= $content;
            }
        }
        $title = trim((string) $document->getElementsByTagName('title')->item(0)?->textContent);
        $image = $meta['og:image'] ?? $meta['twitter:image'] ?? null;
        $image = $image === null ? '' : (string) UriResolver::resolve(new Uri($url), new Uri($image));

        return array_filter([
            'title' => $meta['og:title'] ?? $meta['twitter:title'] ?? $title,
            'description' => $meta['og:description'] ?? $meta['twitter:description'] ?? $meta['description'] ?? '',
            'image' => preg_match('~^https?://~i', $image) ? $image : '',
            'siteName' => $meta['og:site_name'] ?? (string) parse_url($url, PHP_URL_HOST),
        ]);
    }
}
js
// link-preview.mjs: `node link-preview.mjs`, then GET http://localhost:3001/link-preview[?url=…]. Node 18+, no packages.
import dns from 'node:dns'
import http from 'node:http'
import https from 'node:https'
import net from 'node:net'

const TIMEOUT = 5000
const MAX_REDIRECTS = 3
const MAX_BYTES = 1_000_000

// Never let the endpoint reach an internal address (SSRF): private, loopback, link-local and reserved ranges
// (an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address, ::ffff:127.0.0.1, is checked against the IPv4 ranges)
const blocked = new net.BlockList()
for (const [address, prefix] of [
  ['0.0.0.0', 8], ['10.0.0.0', 8], ['100.64.0.0', 10], ['127.0.0.0', 8], ['169.254.0.0', 16], ['172.16.0.0', 12],
  ['192.0.0.0', 24], ['192.168.0.0', 16], ['198.18.0.0', 15], ['224.0.0.0', 3],
]) {
  blocked.addSubnet(address, prefix, 'ipv4')
}
for (const [address, prefix] of [['::', 127], ['64:ff9b::', 96], ['fc00::', 7], ['fe80::', 10], ['ff00::', 8]]) {
  blocked.addSubnet(address, prefix, 'ipv6')
}

const isPublic = (address, family) => !blocked.check(address, family === 6 || family === 'ipv6' ? 'ipv6' : 'ipv4')

// The DNS lookup of every request: it refuses a host with an internal address, so the address checked is the one used
function publicLookup(hostname, options, callback) {
  dns.lookup(hostname, { ...options, all: true }, (error, addresses) => {
    if (error) {
      return callback(error)
    }
    if (!addresses.length || !addresses.every(({ address, family }) => isPublic(address, family))) {
      return callback(Object.assign(new Error(`${hostname} is not a public host`), { code: 'ENOTPUBLIC' }))
    }

    return options.all ? callback(null, addresses) : callback(null, addresses[0].address, addresses[0].family)
  })
}

// A public http(s) address, or null (a host given as an IP skips the lookup, so it is checked here)
function publicUrl(value, base) {
  try {
    const url = new URL(value, base)
    const host = url.hostname.replace(/^\[|\]$/g, '')
    if (!['http:', 'https:'].includes(url.protocol) || (net.isIP(host) && !isPublic(host, net.isIP(host)))) {
      return null
    }

    return url
  } catch {
    return null
  }
}

// One request: a redirect, or the first MAX_BYTES of the page
function request(url) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const client = url.protocol === 'https:' ? https : http
    const headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; LinkPreview/1.0)', Accept: 'text/html' }
    const req = client.get(url, { headers, lookup: publicLookup, timeout: TIMEOUT }, (res) => {
      if (res.statusCode >= 300 && res.statusCode < 400 && res.headers.location) {
        res.resume()

        return resolve({ location: res.headers.location })
      }
      if (res.statusCode !== 200) {
        res.resume()

        return reject(new Error(`The page answered ${res.statusCode}.`))
      }

      let html = ''
      res.setEncoding('utf8')
      res.on('data', (chunk) => {
        html += chunk
        // The head of a page is enough
        if (html.length > MAX_BYTES) {
          res.destroy()
        }
      })
      res.on('close', () => resolve({ html }))
    })
    req.on('timeout', () => req.destroy(new Error('The page did not answer in time.')))
    req.on('error', reject)
  })
}

// The HTML of a page and its address after redirects, each redirect checked again. A redirect to an internal
// address fails like a page that does not answer: the address asked for was public
async function fetchPage(url) {
  for (let redirects = 0; redirects <= MAX_REDIRECTS; redirects++) {
    const { location, html } = await request(url).catch((error) => {
      throw redirects && error.code === 'ENOTPUBLIC' ? new Error('The page redirects to an internal address.') : error
    })
    if (html !== undefined) {
      return { html, url }
    }

    url = publicUrl(location, url)
    if (!url) {
      throw new Error('The page redirects to an internal address.')
    }
  }

  throw new Error('Too many redirects.')
}

const ENTITIES = { amp: '&', lt: '<', gt: '>', quot: '"', apos: '\'', nbsp: ' ' }

const decode = text => text.replace(/&(?:#(\d+)|#x([\da-f]+)|(\w+));/gi, (entity, decimal, hex, name) => (
  decimal ? String.fromCodePoint(Number(decimal)) : hex ? String.fromCodePoint(parseInt(hex, 16)) : ENTITIES[name.toLowerCase()] ?? entity
))

function openGraph(html, url) {
  const meta = {}
  for (const [tag] of html.matchAll(/<meta\b[^>]*>/gi)) {
    const attrs = {}
    for (const [, name, double, single, bare] of tag.matchAll(/([\w:-]+)\s*=\s*(?:"([^"]*)"|'([^']*)'|([^\s"'>]+))/g)) {
      attrs[name.toLowerCase()] = double ?? single ?? bare
    }
    const key = (attrs.property || attrs.name || '').toLowerCase()
    const content = decode(attrs.content ?? '').trim()
    if (key && content && !(key in meta)) {
      meta[key] = content
    }
  }
  const title = decode(html.match(/<title[^>]*>([^<]*)<\/title>/i)?.[1] ?? '').trim()
  const image = meta['og:image'] || meta['twitter:image']

  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries({
    title: meta['og:title'] || meta['twitter:title'] || title,
    description: meta['og:description'] || meta['twitter:description'] || meta.description,
    image: image && publicUrl(image, url) ? new URL(image, url).href : undefined,
    siteName: meta['og:site_name'] || url.hostname,
  }).filter(([, value]) => value))
}

http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
  const send = (status, body) => {
    res.writeHead(status, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' })
    res.end(JSON.stringify(body))
  }
  const { pathname, searchParams } = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost')
  if (req.method !== 'GET' || pathname !== '/link-preview') {
    return send(404, { error: 'Not found.' })
  }

  // The handshake: no url, no page fetched
  const value = searchParams.get('url')
  if (!value) {
    return send(200, { tiptapifyLinkPreview: 1 })
  }

  const url = publicUrl(value)
  if (!url) {
    return send(422, { error: 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.' })
  }

  try {
    const page = await fetchPage(url)
    send(200, { url: value, ...openGraph(page.html, page.url) })
  } catch (error) {
    error.code === 'ENOTPUBLIC'
      ? send(422, { error: 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.' })
      : send(502, { error: 'The page did not answer.' })
  }
}).listen(3001)
python
# link_preview.py: `python3 link_preview.py`, then GET http://localhost:3002/link-preview[?url=…]. Python 3.9+, no packages.
import ipaddress
import json
import socket
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
from html.parser import HTMLParser
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, ThreadingHTTPServer
from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urljoin, urlsplit

TIMEOUT = 5
MAX_REDIRECTS = 3
MAX_BYTES = 1_000_000


def is_public_url(url):
    """Never let the endpoint reach an internal address (SSRF): every address of the host must be global."""
    parts = urlsplit(url)
    if parts.scheme not in ('http', 'https') or not parts.hostname:
        return False
    try:
        addresses = {info[4][0] for info in socket.getaddrinfo(parts.hostname, parts.port or None)}
    except (socket.gaierror, UnicodeError, ValueError):
        return False

    return bool(addresses) and all(ipaddress.ip_address(address.split('%')[0]).is_global for address in addresses)


class NoRedirects(urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler):
    """Redirects come back as a response, so the address each one points to is checked first."""

    def redirect_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return None


opener = urllib.request.build_opener(NoRedirects)


def fetch_page(url):
    """The HTML of a page (its first MAX_BYTES) and its address after redirects, each redirect checked again.
    A redirect to an internal address fails like a page that does not answer: the address asked for was public."""
    for redirects in range(MAX_REDIRECTS + 1):
        if not is_public_url(url):
            raise OSError('The page redirects to an internal address.') if redirects else PermissionError(url)

        request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; LinkPreview/1.0)',
            'Accept': 'text/html',
        })
        try:
            with opener.open(request, timeout=TIMEOUT) as response:
                charset = response.headers.get_content_charset() or 'utf-8'

                return response.read(MAX_BYTES).decode(charset, errors='replace'), url
        except urllib.error.HTTPError as error:
            location = error.headers.get('Location')
            if not (300 <= error.code < 400 and location):
                raise
            url = urljoin(url, location)

    raise OSError('Too many redirects.')


class OpenGraph(HTMLParser):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(convert_charrefs=True)
        self.meta = {}
        self.title = ''
        self.in_title = False

    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        attrs = dict(attrs)
        if tag == 'meta':
            key = (attrs.get('property') or attrs.get('name') or '').lower()
            content = (attrs.get('content') or '').strip()
            if key and content:
                self.meta.setdefault(key, content)
        self.in_title = tag == 'title'

    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        if tag == 'title':
            self.in_title = False

    def handle_data(self, data):
        if self.in_title:
            self.title += data


def open_graph(html, url):
    parser = OpenGraph()
    parser.feed(html)
    meta = parser.meta
    image = meta.get('og:image') or meta.get('twitter:image')
    image = urljoin(url, image) if image else ''

    preview = {
        'title': meta.get('og:title') or meta.get('twitter:title') or parser.title.strip(),
        'description': meta.get('og:description') or meta.get('twitter:description') or meta.get('description'),
        'image': image if urlsplit(image).scheme in ('http', 'https') else '',
        'siteName': meta.get('og:site_name') or urlsplit(url).hostname,
    }

    return {key: value for key, value in preview.items() if value}


class LinkPreview(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def send(self, status, body):
        payload = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False).encode()
        self.send_response(status)
        self.send_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
        self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(payload)

    def do_GET(self):
        parts = urlsplit(self.path)
        if parts.path != '/link-preview':
            return self.send(404, {'error': 'Not found.'})

        # The handshake: no url, no page fetched
        url = parse_qs(parts.query).get('url', [''])[0].strip()
        if not url:
            return self.send(200, {'tiptapifyLinkPreview': 1})

        try:
            html, page_url = fetch_page(url)
        except PermissionError:
            return self.send(422, {'error': 'Only public http(s) pages have a preview.'})
        except (OSError, ValueError):
            return self.send(502, {'error': 'The page did not answer.'})

        self.send(200, {'url': url, **open_graph(html, page_url)})


ThreadingHTTPServer(('', 3002), LinkPreview).serve_forever()

PHP zahteva 8.2+ sa ekstenzijama curl i dom, Node.js 18+, Python 3.9+; nijednom nije potreban paket mimo frameworka.

U produkciji ​

  • Zaštitite endpoint. Preuzima svaku stranicu koja se zatraži: stavite ga iza autentifikacije (uređivač šalje headers iz linkPreview uz svaki zahtev) i ograničenja učestalosti, kao u Laravel ruti iznad.
  • Keširajte odgovore prema url, kao u Laravel primeru: uređivač ponovo pita kad god se kartica na stranici napravi ili osveži.
  • Isto poreklo ili CORS. Endpoint na istom poreklu kao uređivač ne zahteva ništa više; na drugom poreklu dozvolite poreklo uređivača i zaglavlja koja šaljete.
  • Python primer proverava host, a zatim pušta urllib da ga ponovo razreši, pa host koji drugi put drugačije odgovori na DNS može da promakne. Za javni servis povežite se na proverenu adresu (to mogu httpx transport ili requests adapter) ili šaljite zahteve preko egress proksija koji blokira interne opsege.
  • Kodiranja. Python primer dekodira stranicu prema charset-u iz njenog Content-Type; PHP i Node.js primeri je čitaju kao UTF-8, što pokriva većinu sajtova. Dekodirajte i prema charset-u ako prikazujete stranice u starijim kodiranjima.

Objavljeno pod MIT licencom.

Copyright © 2025-present Igor Voytovich